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The planet(?) Pluto and its moon CharonAt 2.6 billion miles from the Sun, this is Hubble’s clearest view yet. Charon was the ferryman of the river Styx who ferried the dead to Hades. The dead were buried with a coin in their mouth or on their eyelids to pay for the crossing. |
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This Planet-Pluto-in-astronomy page and the entire website are excerpted from You and the Universe, a handmade, individualized fine art book on astrology, mythology and astronomy through which the recipient's complete astrological reading is woven. Pluto’s 2.6 to 4.6 billion-mile orbit from the Sun is so elliptical that it was actually closer to the Sun than Neptune from 1979 to 1999. With a 17° inclination to the ecliptic (the plane of the Earth's orbit around the Sun), Pluto’s orbit is also the most inclined. Because of these anomalies and its extremely small size—2/3 the size of our Moon—some astronomers believe that Pluto, its moon Charon, and Triton (the largest moon of Neptune) are merely the largest members of the Kuiper Belt. Charon takes its name from the river Styx ferryman who carried the dead to Hades/Pluto. The dead were buried with a coin in their mouth or on their eyelids to pay for the crossing. The Kuiper Belt is the frozen remains of a disk of primordial material that condensed into our present solar system five billion years ago. As many as 10 billion icy bodies 10 miles or more across orbit the Sun in this region stretching from just beyond Neptune’s orbit to about 9 billion miles out. Many also believe it to be the source of "short-period" comets - comets like Halley’s that take less than 200 years to orbit the Sun. The Kuiper Belt is estimated to contain more than 35,000 objects greater than 60 miles in diameter, several hundred times the number and mass of similar sized objects in the asteroid belt. And there may be 100 million comets 12 or so miles across in the Kuiper belt still detectable by Hubble. In June 2002 a KBO (Kuiper Belt Object) 750 miles across was discovered, the biggest solar system find since Pluto in 1930. Called Quaoar, it orbits the Sun once every 288 years from four billion miles out. Then in March 2004 Sedna (the Inuit goddess who created the arctic sea creatures) was announced. About 1000 miles in diameter with an amazing 10,500-year orbit 8-84 billion miles from the Sun, Sedna was the largest KBO yet. It may even be the first seen member of the Oort Cloud, though that would place it 10 times closer than the Oort Cloud’s theoretical inner limit. Since the Kuiper belt’s sharp edge is just beyond the orbit of Pluto, and Sedna wanders in a no-man’s land between the Kuiper belt and the Oort cloud, astronomers think Sedna was pulled from a more circular orbit by a passing star about 4 billion years ago. Then in January 2005 a KBO larger than Pluto was discovered. About 1490 miles in diameter (Pluto’s diameter is 1433 miles), 2003 UB313, nicknamed Xena, appeared to be the tenth planet of our solar system. And it had a moon, as do 10–20% of all KBOs. Its 557-year orbit ranges from 38–97 times the Earth-Sun distance (1 AU), whereas Pluto’s 248-year orbit varies from 30–49 AU. On August 24, 2006, however, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) redefined a planet as a body that orbits the Sun, is large enough for its own gravity to make it round, and has "cleared the neighborhood around its orbit" of other bodies of significant size except its own satellites. This ruling demoted Pluto to a "dwarf planet," a category it now shares with the asteroid Ceres and Xena (2003 UB313). Astronomically speaking, Pluto is now no longer a planet; however, that in no way diminishes its place in an astrological chart as a symbol of mankind's shadow and of his and her evolution. |
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